ISOLATED COMMUNITIES, VENEZUELA
An installation for the electrification of isolated communities in Venezuela, providing the community with the services necessary for its development.
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Installed Equipment |
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Wind Turbine: |
Bornay 3000 - Bornay 6000 |
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Tower: |
Self supported squared tower P750 12 mts. |
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Eolic Regulator: |
ABB Aurora |
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Solar Panels: |
150 Wp 12 Vdc |
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Structure: |
Floor fixed |
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Solar Regulator: |
Grid connection inverter SMA Sunny Boy |
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Battery: |
OPzS Stationary battery |
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Inverter: |
SMA Sunny Island |
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Other Elements: |
Diesel generator |
The project for the electrification of isolated communities described below has as its goal to provide energy and services to 88 communities thanks to hybrid wind-photovoltaic-diesel systems.
VARIANTS OF THE SYSTEMS
The 88 hybrid systems proposed will be grouped according to the number of homes as follows:
| Nº | Description | Quantity |
| 1 | Communities up to 10 homes | 8 |
| 2 | Communities up to 20 homes | 15 |
| 3 | Communities up to 30 homes | 15 |
| 4 | Communities up to 40 homes | 50 |
| Total sistemas | 88 |
The maximum consumption power per home will not exceed 450 W and a daily energy consumption of not more than 2 kWh per day (60 kWh a month).
TECHNICAL PARAMETERS
The calculations taken into account for dimensioning the systems in each case were:
| Maximum power per home | 450 W |
| Daily power consumption per home | 2 kWh/day |
| Solar radiation incident on an inclined surface | 5 kWh/m2day |
| Wind capacity factor | 0.2 % de 24 h (4.8 h Pnominal) |
| Solar consumption uncoupling | 0.4 % of the time |
| Wind consumption uncoupling | 0.25 % of the time |
| Wind penetration | 54 % of the consumption |
| PV penetration | 46 % of the consumption |
| Days of battery autonomy | 2 days |
| Maximum depth of battery discharge | 70 % |
| Type of battery | TOpen tubular (OPzS) |
| Coefficient of decrease in P vs T of module | -0.4 % |
| NOCT of the module | 47 ºC |
| Ambient temperature | 32 ºC |
| Efficiency of PV / wind-feed inverter | 92 % |
| Efficiency of charger/inverter to battery | 90 % |
| Efficiency of Faradaic battery | 87 % |
| Relation Generation/Consumption (ARL) | 1.10 |
DESCRIPTION 10 HOMES:
This variant is composed of two 5kW inverters in split-phase, the output attaining 120/240 Vac – 60Hz with a battery bank of 48 Vdc, 900 Ah, C100. One is a PV grid-feed inverter of 3300W 340 Vac – 60 Hz, to connect three kWp PV (20 modules of 150 Wp 12 Vdc in series). The system is completed with a 3 kW wind turbine via a wind grid-feed inverter for the wind turbine and an emergency 10 kVA diesel generator.
| VARIANT FOR 10 HOMES | |
| DESCRIPTION | QUANTITY |
| PV-grid feed inverter 3300 W 240 Vac – 60 5kVA Hz | 1 |
| Bi-directional inverter 5 kVA 120 Vac – 60 Hz (split-phase) | 2 |
| Emergency generator 10 kVA | 1 |
| Photovoltaic module 150 p 12 Vdc | 20 |
| Bornay wind turbine 3000 c. grid | 1 |
| OPzS battery 900 Ah C100 – 2 volts | 24 |
| Aluminum structure 4 modules PV | 5 |
| Wiring kit | 1 |
| Cabin | 1 |
DESCRIPTION 20 HOMES:
This variant is composed of two 5 kW inverters in split-phase, the output attaining 120/240 Vac – 60 Hz, with a battery bank of 48 Vdc, 1800 Ah, C100. Two PV-grid feed inverters of 3300 W 240 Vac – 60 Hz are used to connect 5.4 kWp PV (18 modules of 150 Wp 12 Vdc in series). The system is completed with a 6 kW wind turbine via a wind grid feed inverter and an emergency 15 kVA diesel generator.
| VARIANT FOR 20 HOMES | |
| DESCRIPTION | QUANTITY |
| PV-grid feed inverter 3300 W 240 Vac – 60 5kVA Hz | 2 |
| Bi-directional inverter 5 kVA 120 Vac – 60 Hz (split-phase) | 2 |
| Emergency generator 15 kVA | 1 |
| Photovoltaic module 150 Wp 12 Vdc | 36 |
| Bornay wind turbine 6000 c. grid | 1 |
| OPzS battery 900 Ah C100 - 2 volts | 48 |
| Aluminum structure 4 modules PV | 9 |
| Wiring kit | 1 |
| Cabin | 1 |
DESCRIPTION 30 HOMES:
This variant is composed of three 5 Kw inverters to form a three-phase system (127/220V grounded, star) with a battery bank of 48 Vdc, 3000 Ah, C100. Three PV-grid feed inverters of 3300 W 240 Vac – 60 Hz are used to connect 8.4 kWp PV (18 modules of 150 Wp 12 Vdc in series in two inverters and 20 modules of 150 Wp 12 Vdc in series in one inverter). The system is completed with two wind turbines, one of 3 kW and the other of 6 kW, both via a wind-grid feed inverter. As an emergency support system there is a 20 kVA diesel generator.
| VARIANT FOR 30 HOMES | |
| DESCRIPTION | QUANTITY |
| PV-grid feed inverter FV 3300 W 240 Vac - 60 Hz | 3 |
| Bi-directional inverter 5 kVA 120Vac - 60 Hz | 3 |
| Emergency generator 20 kVA | 1 |
| Photovoltaic module 150 Wp 12 Vdc | 56 |
| Bornay wind turbine 3000 c. grid | 1 |
| Bornay wind turbine 6000 c. grid | 1 |
| OPzS battery 1500 Ah C100 - 2 volts | 48 |
| Aluminum structure 4 modules PV | 14 |
| Wiring kit | 1 |
| Cabin | 1 |
DESCRIPTION 40 HOMES:
This variant is composed of six 5 kW inverters to form a three-phase system (127/220V grounded, star) in its configuration of 3 masters and 3 followers (parallel) grouped into clusters, in which to each cluster of inverters is connected a battery bank of 48 Vdc, 1800 Ah, C100. Four PV-grid feed inverters of 3300 W 240 Vac – 60Hz are used to connect 10.8 kWp PV (18 modules of 150 Wp 12 Vdc in series to each inverter). The system is completed by two 6 kW wind turbines, both via a grid feed inverter, and an emergency 25 Kva diesel generator.
| VARIANT FOR 40 HOMES | |
| DESCRIPTION | QUANTITY |
| PV-grid feed inverter FV 3300 W 240 Vac - 60 Hz | 4 |
| Bi-directional inverter 5 kVA 120Vac - 60 Hz (SPLIT-PHASE) | 6 |
| Cluster Box | 1 |
| Emergency generator 25 kVA | 1 |
| Photovoltaic module 150 Wp 12 Vdc | 72 |
| Bornay wind turbine 6000 c. red | 2 |
| OPzS battery 900 Ah C100 - 2 voltios | 96 |
| Aluminum structure 4 modules PV | 18 |
| Wiring kit | 1 |
| Cabin | 1 |
In the 88 hybrid systems in this project, the generating sources are connected to the alternating current BUS (AC BUS) together with the consumers. For this purpose, an AC network with inverters to batteries was created.
To this AC network the generating sources are coupled via the grid-feed inverters similar to the grid- feed systems in the public networks.
In this situation, the power needed for charging is consumed directly without going through the battery bank, provided that it is available in the AC BUS, and if there is surplus energy, it is used to recharge the batteries. In this case, there are fewer losses because of power drop in the conductors as they are working at a higher voltage level (greater than 300 Vdc).
Apart from this advantage, the grid-feed inverters work at the point of maximum power of the arrangement, obtaining as a result a much greater general efficiency of the system, as much as 30% more than in a system with no monitoring of the maximum point.
In the cases where the generation of energy is insufficient to cover the entire consumption demand, in the first place the power stored in the batteries will be used to cover 100% of the demand, but if this is not sufficient, the system will start the diesel generator automatically to cover the power necessary that cannot be obtained either from the renewable energy sources or from the energy stored in the batteries.
Similarly, if the peak energy consumptions are higher than those that the system of renewable energies can provide, the emergency diesel generator will start automatically to increase the power available in the AC grid.
In this way, the system affords the community a 100% guaranteed supply of power.
The system is easily adaptable to future growth in the demand for electricity.
